--- title: "如何界定网站无障碍评估" canonical: https://wavect.io/zh/software-development-guide/website-accessibility-audit/ language: zh description: "委托前先定义关键流程、代表样本、测试方法和发现格式，整改与复测另行约定。" image: "https://wavect.io/img/general/bak/open_graph_preview.jpg" --- 采购需求 # 无障碍评估究竟应该覆盖什么？ 委托前先定义关键流程、代表样本、测试方法和发现格式，整改与复测另行约定。 简短回答 有用的评估需求会明确任务、样本、标准和方法，并要求可复现发现与未测试范围说明。 适用情况 - 在重建或发布前采购评估的团队。 - 需要可实施问题清单与复测计划的产品负责人。 不在本指南范围内 - 把自动扫描分数当作全站证据。 - 用技术清单代替法律认证。 // 01 ## 比较各个选项 这是采购清单，不是测试结果。 | 决策 | 需要明确 | 避免 | | --- | --- | --- | | 流程 | 按需覆盖登录、表单、支付或文档完整任务 | 只检查首页 | | 方法 | 自动检查加约定的键盘与辅助技术评估 | 把扫描评分当成符合性结论 | | 发现 | 影响、步骤、环境、标准与建议 | 没有优先级的工具警告 | | 后续 | 整改人、复测样本与未决项 | 默认包含修复 | // 02 ## Wavect 的立场 从使用者和任务出发，包括页面模板、交互状态、错误路径、移动布局和任务依赖的文档。样本只说明已测范围，不能证明每个页面都可访问。询问将用哪些浏览器、辅助技术，以及由谁专业解读结果。 [W3C WAI 说明工具本身不能判定无障碍](https://www.w3.org/WAI/test-evaluate/) 。 [WCAG 2.2](https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG22/) 提供可测试标准。目标和范围需要约定；技术评估不是法律意见。来源核查于 2026 年 10 月 19 日。 示意发现：用户用键盘打开对话框，却无法到达关闭控件。记录页面与状态、浏览器和操作步骤、用户影响、预期及实际焦点行为、相关标准和修复建议。修复后复测完整任务，包括焦点是否合理返回。这是虚构示例，不是已审计客户页面。 通过 [软件 QA](/zh/services/software-quality-assurance/) 讨论范围，并用 [发布前清单](/zh/software-development-guide/software-qa-checklist-before-launch/) 检查其他风险。委托前须确认专门能力、整改与复测安排。 ### 按任务和状态选择样本 先描述完整任务，例如找到服务、提交咨询、理解字段校验错误。再纳入涉及的模板与状态：导航、弹窗、空结果、提交失败和确认。如果文档或第三方组件是完成任务所必需，也应包含。一张页面清单可能漏掉真正让用户无法继续的交互。 说明样本为何具有代表性，以及排除了哪些范围。重复模板、语言版本和移动布局仍可能表现不同。记录浏览器、设备、辅助技术和测试日期，使问题可复现。不能因为共用页头，就推定未经测试的页面也通过。 ### 把弹窗问题变成可修复的发现 有用的记录说明弹窗在哪里打开、键盘焦点如何到达、哪个控件无法访问，以及用户不能完成什么任务。包含复现步骤、预期与实际行为、相关标准及证据。用户影响与项目优先级需要区分，发布团队仍需决定顺序与负责人。 修复后，重新执行原步骤及相邻状态。检查打开、交互、关闭和焦点是否回到有用位置。只重测被修改的按钮，可能漏掉另一个状态中的同样故障。把原始发现、修复引用和复测结果保存在一起。 ### 要求交付团队能实际使用的结果 要求问题登记表、已测范围、方法和环境详情，并讨论未解决事项。约定如何转成开发任务，以及哪些修复需要专家解释。评估、实施修复和验证相互关联，但每项都要有独立责任。 // 03 ## 这里通常会出什么问题 - 爬虫只测公开页，没有进入登录表单或错误状态。准备阶段应约定访问权限与测试账户。 - 报告给所有警告同样严重程度，却不说明被阻断的任务。要求用户影响与可复现证据来确定优先级。 - 修复改变了设计系统，却没有复测其他实例。除原页面外，还需约定代表性回归样本。 // 04 ## 检查清单 用这些问题准备范围。 - 列出关键流程、代表页面和文档。 - 约定标准、浏览器、设备与辅助技术。 - 确认合格评估人员和必要用户参与。 - 要求影响、复现步骤和范围限制。 - 约定整改人及验证方式。 - 明确谁验收报告，谁分派修复。 - 约定登录任务与第三方组件的测试访问。 - 用问题登记表关联发现、修复与复测结果。 // 05 ## 在我们的工作中是什么样子 MyMerch 仅提供相邻店面改进背景，不证明无障碍符合性审计。 ### [MyMerch](/zh/case-studies/mymerch/) - **Status:** 上线 - **Outcome:** ~50% - 效率提升（客户口径） - **Summary:** ~50% 效率提升（客户口径）。交付错误降低、Shopify 店铺转化抬升，不重写。 - **Stack:** Shopify, Shopify Liquid, JavaScript 这些是精选项目，并非我们的全部作品。自 2018 年以来我们已交付 75+ 款产品。 // 06 ## 相关服务与阅读 - [服务 软件 QA](/zh/services/software-quality-assurance/) - [指南 发布前软件 QA 清单](/zh/software-development-guide/software-qa-checklist-before-launch/) - [案例研究 Mymerch](/zh/case-studies/mymerch/) // 07 ## 常见问题 ### 自动扫描能代替人工评估吗？ 不能。它可发现部分问题并支持重复检查，仍需要人工判断。 ### 包含修复与复测吗？ 仅在约定时包含。评估、实施与修复验证是不同工作。 ### 评估证明法律合规吗？ 扫描或本指南均不提供法律保证。法律适用性和合适评估目标需另行审阅。 最近审阅: 2026-10-19 审阅人 [Kevin Riedl](/zh/team/kevin-riedl/) [wiki ↗](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139796365) ## Structured Data ```json { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@graph": [ { "@id": 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