---
title: "什么是 Solana？"
canonical: https://wavect.io/zh/glossary/solana/
language: zh
description: "高吞吐、低手续费的区块链，运行时与 EVM 完全不同。编程模型不同，取舍也不同。"
image: "https://wavect.io/img/general/bak/open_graph_preview.jpg"
---

技术

# Solana

高吞吐、低手续费的区块链，运行时与 EVM 完全不同。编程模型不同，取舍也不同。

最近审阅: 2026-05-24 审阅人 [Kevin Riedl](/zh/team/kevin-riedl/) [wiki ↗](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139796365)

Solana 与 [EVM](/zh/glossary/evm/) 不兼容。 [智能合约](/zh/glossary/smart-contract/) （在 Solana 里叫「Program」）用 Rust 编写，部署为 BPF 字节码，由 Solana 运行时执行。这套架构为吞吐（每秒数千 TPS）和低费做了优化，代价是验证节点对硬件要求更高、以及一种不同的（有人说更中心化的）去中心化分布。

对于用户支付低于一美分手续费、确认达到亚秒级的消费级应用，Solana 很难被打败。对于与 EVM 生态深度组合的 DeFi，跨链过去的工程量并不小。哪条链合适，取决于哪种取舍对你的产品更重要。

绊倒 EVM 团队的那个坑，举个实际例子：Solana 的编程模型是基于账户的，而不是基于合约状态的。你要显式地把一笔交易触及的每个账户传进去、你要管理账户上的租金（rent）、你从一开始就要考虑并行执行。一支熟练于 Solidity 的团队会习惯性地低估这段爬坡、发布在顺路径下能跑的代码，然后撞上账户所有权和租金方面在 Ethereum 里没有对应物的边缘情况。为这个模型转换预留真实的时间；它不是一次语法翻译。

诚实的取舍，以及「挑那条又快又便宜的链」这个创始人错误：Solana 的验证节点硬件要求高于 Ethereum，所以验证者集更小，历史上也出现过网络宕机（最近少了些）。对消费级支付和高吞吐应用，那个取舍通常是没问题的，吞吐值这个价。对一个核心承诺是抗审查的系统，在假定 Solana 过关之前，仔细审视威胁模型。

生态成本是这个决定的另一半。住在 EVM 链上的那种深度、可组合的 DeFi 和工具链，在 Solana 上并非全都存在，而跨链桥接资产本身就是一项不平凡、对安全敏感的操作，不是一次免费的导入。如果你的产品需要插进现有的链上协议，那股拉向 EVM 的力是真实的，应当与 Solana 的原始性能去权衡。如果你的产品大体自成一体、且受吞吐约束（支付、消费级应用、游戏），性能取胜，更小的生态很少咬你。Wavect 在 [web3](/zh/glossary/web3/) 栈里 Solana 与 EVM 都做交付。我们没有链偏好；我们有用例偏好。

// FAQ

## 常见问题

### Solana 还是一条 EVM 链？

Solana 在吞吐量和单笔交易成本上取胜；EVM 在 DeFi 可组合性和开发者生态上取胜。对消费级支付和高吞吐量的消费级应用，Solana 很难被打败。对深度的 DeFi 集成，跨链桥接的工程量并不小。

### 从 EVM 迁到 Solana，最大的坑是什么？

编程模型。Solana 基于账户的架构不同于 Ethereum 的合约状态模型：你显式地传入账户、你管理租金、你从一开始就要考虑并行性。熟练于 Solidity 的工程师常常低估在 Solana 上安全交付所需的爬坡。

### Solana 的去中心化程度够上生产吗？

看你需要什么。验证节点的硬件要求高于 Ethereum，所以验证者集更小；历史上出现过宕机，最近少了些。对消费级应用，这个取舍通常没问题；对那些核心承诺是抗审查的系统，请仔细审视威胁模型。

相关术语

- [Web3](/zh/glossary/web3/)
- [智能合约](/zh/glossary/smart-contract/)
- [EVM](/zh/glossary/evm/)

相关服务

- [区块链](/zh/services/blockchain/)

相关案例研究

- [Account Abstraction](/zh/case-studies/account-abstraction/)

相关指南

- [如何挑选软件开发公司](/zh/software-development-guide/how-to-choose-a-software-agency/)

聊聊

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