---
title: "什么是 Retainer 保留费？"
canonical: https://wavect.io/zh/glossary/retainer/
language: zh
description: "按月循环的合作形式，供应商预留约定的容量，客户按月支付可预测的费用。"
image: "https://wavect.io/img/general/bak/open_graph_preview.jpg"
---

合作模式

# Retainer 保留费

按月循环的合作形式，供应商预留约定的容量，客户按月支付可预测的费用。

最近审阅: 2026-05-24 审阅人 [Kevin Riedl](/zh/team/kevin-riedl/) [wiki ↗](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139796365)

Retainer 是对供应商时间的订阅。你每月付款；作为回报，你得到约定的天数或约定的团队容量。具体范围会变；可用性不会变。

当工作是持续的、且优先级变化太快、 [SoW](/zh/glossary/sow/) 跟不上时，Retainer 很好用。产品团队用 Retainer 请设计合作伙伴，工程团队用它聘 fractional 资深角色，几乎每一份法律顾问安排都是 Retainer。在奥地利，Retainer 通常被构造成 Dienstvertrag 或 freier Dienstvertrag，因为你买的是被预留的可用性与判断，而不是一个固定成果物。

风险与 [T&M](/zh/glossary/time-and-material/) 相反：没有活的时候供应商也照拿钱。聪明的客户会附上一条「合理使用」条款，并每季度复盘 Retainer 以确认容量在被使用。如果利用率低于 60%，说明 Retainer 形态不对，你要的是一份按次的 SoW。

举个实际例子：一家初创公司「为了保险起见」把一位资深顾问放在每月 10 天的 Retainer 上。头两个月被用满；然后产品上线、工作量掉到每月两天，但发票没掉。他们现在为八个闲置的天数付费。修法不是取消这段关系，而是把它调到合身：降到一个更小的 Retainer，再加上在真正出现交付物时去定一个 [固定价格](/zh/glossary/fixed-price/) Build 的选项。健康的 Retainer 坐落在 70% 到 85% 的利用率；低于这个你买的是保险，高于 95% 你是在把供应商当员工使，留给真正要紧的工作的余量为零。

诚实的取舍是可预测性对效率。Retainer 给你一个已知的月度成本和一颗被预留的资深大脑，代价是在安静的月份里为容量付费。相关： [Fractional CTO 奥地利](/zh/services/fractional-cto/) 跑的是一个你每周都能取消的周度 [Retainer](/zh/glossary/fractional-cofounder/) ，这去掉了让传统 Retainer 有风险的大部分锁定。

// FAQ

## 常见问题

### Retainer 还是 SoW？

当优先级变化得比你写范围还快时，用 Retainer。当有一个清晰的交付物时，用 SoW。大多数公司一开始用 Retainer 是因为它感觉灵活，然后才意识到自己在为闲置的容量付费。每季度审一次利用率。

### 我怎么知道我的 Retainer 形态不对？

如果利用率低于 60%，你是在为用不上的可用性多付钱。如果高于 95%，供应商对真正要紧的工作就没有余量，而你是在把他们当人员扩充使。健康的 Retainer 坐落在 70% 到 85%。

### Retainer 能在月中取消吗？

看合同。大多数 Retainer 要求提前 30 到 90 天通知；有些带最短期限条款。Wavect 的 Fractional Co-Founder 模式是个例外：每周都能取消，无须通知。行业里大多数没有那么灵活。

相关术语

- [SoW](/zh/glossary/sow/)
- [Time & Material](/zh/glossary/time-and-material/)
- [固定价格](/zh/glossary/fixed-price/)
- [Fractional Co-Founder](/zh/glossary/fractional-cofounder/)

相关服务

- [软件开发](/zh/services/software-development/)

相关案例研究

- [债券分析平台](/zh/case-studies/bond-analytics/)

相关指南

- [固定价格还是按工时计费：哪种合同更适合你的项目？](/zh/software-development-guide/fixed-price-vs-time-and-materials/)

相关博客文章

- [固定价格与 T&M：用数字看 Scope Creep](/zh/blog/fixed-price-vs-tm-scope-creep-rates/)

聊聊

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