--- title: "什么是 CI/CD (持续集成 / 持续交付)？" canonical: https://wavect.io/zh/glossary/ci-cd/ language: zh description: "每一次代码变更都自动构建、测试、准备发布。一些团队再进一步，每一次通过的构建都自动上生产。" image: "https://wavect.io/img/general/bak/open_graph_preview.jpg" --- 方法 # CI/CD 持续集成 / 持续交付 每一次代码变更都自动构建、测试、准备发布。一些团队再进一步，每一次通过的构建都自动上生产。 最近审阅: 2026-05-24 审阅人 [Kevin Riedl](/zh/team/kevin-riedl/) [wiki ↗](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139796365) Continuous Integration 意味着团队的代码在每次变更时都合并并构建，而不是在最后做一次大爆炸式集成。 [Continuous Delivery](/zh/glossary/continuous-delivery/) 意味着每一次成功的构建都距离生产只差按一次按钮。Continuous Deployment 把按钮也去掉：每个通过测试的构建自动发布。这三者是一架成熟度阶梯，不是同义词。 多数团队 CI 做得好，CD 时好时坏，Continuous Deployment 几乎从不做。瓶颈很少在工具上。它在于对测试套件的信任，以及团队在一小时内修好一个坏构建的意愿。没有这两样，自动化部署只是让 Bug 跑得更快。 藏在流水线速度里的杠杆，举个实际例子：一支团队有一条要跑 25 分钟的 CI 流水线。工程师不再在本地跑它，把变更攒成批、靠希望去合并，以躲开那段等待。Bug 在合并之间累积，团队当初采用 CI 想躲开的那种集成之痛悄悄回来了。把那条流水线为内循环砍到 10 分钟以内，工程师就会不停地跑它、在上下文还新鲜时抓住问题，整个 [Agile](/zh/glossary/agile/) 循环随之收紧。流水线速度不是锦上添花；它是每个工程师每一天的力量倍增器。 诚实的取舍与常见错误：创始人要「完整的 CI/CD」，好像它是一个开关，而其实 CI 主要是工具、CD 主要是纪律。CI 你一个下午就能有。真正的 Continuous Delivery 需要一套团队信得过、敢在后面发布的测试套件（靠一种 [TDD](/zh/glossary/tdd/) 习惯）、一条以分钟计的回滚路径，以及一个在部署点着什么时能响应的待命人。Wavect 每个项目从第一天起就配好 CI，作为一段清醒 [SDLC](/zh/glossary/sdlc/) 的一部分；是否配置 CD 取决于这个项目是否有让它安全的覆盖率和运维纪律。我们会告诉你你拥有的是哪一种。 **在软件项目中何时最关键。** 上线前以及之后的每一次改动。一条健康的流水线让团队能安全发布、在上下文还新鲜时抓住回归，而不是把改动攒成一批、靠运气合并。 **创始人通常会搞错什么。** 他们要「完整的 CI/CD」，好像它是一个开关。CI 主要是工具，一个下午就能有；真正的 Continuous Delivery 主要是纪律，一套团队信得过的测试、以分钟计的回滚，以及一个待命的人。没有这些，自动部署只是更快地发布缺陷。 **Wavect 如何处理。** 我们从第一天起配好 CI，只有当覆盖率和运维纪律让自动交付安全时才开启它。 [上线前 QA 清单](/zh/software-development-guide/software-qa-checklist-before-launch/) 精确列出了在真实用户到来之前，一条流水线必须做到什么。 // FAQ ## 常见问题 ### CI / CD / Continuous Deployment 三者怎么分？ CI 是「每次提交都自动构建并测试」。CD（Continuous Delivery）是「每次通过的构建都自动准备成可发布形态，按按钮才上线」。Continuous Deployment 把那次按按钮也省掉，每个通过的构建自动上生产。多数团队 CI 做得好，CD 时好时坏，Continuous Deployment 几乎没人做。 ### 为什么大多数团队停在 CI？ 因为 CD 需要一种大多数团队并不具备的、对测试套件的信任。没有好的覆盖率和快速回滚，自动化部署只是让 Bug 跑得更快。CI 主要是工具，CD 主要是纪律。 ### 一条 CI 流水线应该跑多快？ 内循环（构建、单测、Lint）控制在 10 分钟以内，含集成测试控制在 30 分钟以内。比这更慢，工程师就不在本地跑它、开始靠希望合并了。流水线速度是一项杠杆指标：值得在它上面投入。 相关术语 - [TDD](/zh/glossary/tdd/) - [Continuous Delivery](/zh/glossary/continuous-delivery/) - [Agile](/zh/glossary/agile/) - [SDLC](/zh/glossary/sdlc/) 相关服务 - [软件开发](/zh/services/software-development/) 相关案例研究 - [Polity](/zh/case-studies/polity/) 相关指南 - [软件开发流程：从首次通话到完整交接](/zh/software-development-guide/software-development-process/) 聊聊 ## Structured Data ```json { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@graph": [ { "@id": "https://wavect.io/#organization", "@type": [ "Organization", "ProfessionalService", "LocalBusiness" ], "employee": [ { "@id": "https://wavect.io/team/kevin-riedl/#person", "@type": "Person", "jobTitle": "Managing Director", "name": "Kevin Riedl", "url": "https://wavect.io/team/kevin-riedl/", "worksFor": { "@id": "https://wavect.io/#organization", "@type": [ "Organization", "ProfessionalService", "LocalBusiness" ] } }, { "@id": "https://wavect.io/team/christof-jori/#person", "@type": "Person", "jobTitle": "Managing Director", "name": "Christof Jori", "url": "https://wavect.io/team/christof-jori/", "worksFor": { "@id": "https://wavect.io/#organization", "@type": [ "Organization", "ProfessionalService", "LocalBusiness" ] } } ], "founder": [ { "@id": "https://wavect.io/team/kevin-riedl/#person", "@type": "Person", "jobTitle": "Managing Director", "name": "Kevin Riedl", "url": "https://wavect.io/team/kevin-riedl/", "worksFor": { "@id": "https://wavect.io/#organization", "@type": [ "Organization", "ProfessionalService", "LocalBusiness" ] } }, { "@id": "https://wavect.io/team/christof-jori/#person", "@type": "Person", "jobTitle": "Managing Director", "name": "Christof Jori", "url": "https://wavect.io/team/christof-jori/", "worksFor": { "@id": "https://wavect.io/#organization", "@type": [ "Organization", "ProfessionalService", "LocalBusiness" ] } } ], "legalRepresentative": [ { "@id": "https://wavect.io/team/kevin-riedl/#person", "@type": "Person", "jobTitle": "Managing Director", "name": "Kevin Riedl", "url": "https://wavect.io/team/kevin-riedl/", "worksFor": { "@id": "https://wavect.io/#organization", "@type": [ "Organization", "ProfessionalService", "LocalBusiness" ] } }, { "@id": "https://wavect.io/team/christof-jori/#person", "@type": "Person", "jobTitle": "Managing Director", "name": "Christof Jori", "url": "https://wavect.io/team/christof-jori/", "worksFor": { "@id": "https://wavect.io/#organization", "@type": [ "Organization", "ProfessionalService", "LocalBusiness" ] } } ], "name": "Wavect GmbH", "subjectOf": { "@id": "https://wavect.io/verified-claims.json#dataset", "@type": "Dataset", "creator": { "@id": "https://wavect.io/#organization", "@type": [ "Organization", "ProfessionalService", "LocalBusiness" ] }, "description": "A machine-readable registry of quantitative and qualitative claims published by Wavect, with review dates, localized page appearances and public third-party citations where available.", "inLanguage": "en", "isAccessibleForFree": true, "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "name": "Wavect verified publication claims", "url": "https://wavect.io/verified-claims.json" }, "url": "https://wavect.io/" }, { "@id": "https://wavect.io/team/kevin-riedl/#person", "@type": "Person", "jobTitle": "Managing Director", "name": "Kevin Riedl", "sameAs": [ "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139796365", "https://www.linkedin.com/in/wsdt", "https://github.com/wsdt" ], "url": "https://wavect.io/team/kevin-riedl/", "worksFor": { "@id": "https://wavect.io/#organization", "@type": [ "Organization", "ProfessionalService", "LocalBusiness" ] } }, { "@id": "https://wavect.io/team/christof-jori/#person", "@type": "Person", "jobTitle": "Managing Director", "name": "Christof Jori", "sameAs": [ "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139796367", "https://www.linkedin.com/in/jocr77/", "https://github.com/jo-chris" ], "url": "https://wavect.io/team/christof-jori/", "worksFor": { "@id": "https://wavect.io/#organization", "@type": [ "Organization", "ProfessionalService", "LocalBusiness" ] } }, { "@id": "https://wavect.io/#website", "@type": "WebSite", "inLanguage": [ "en", "de", "es", "zh" ], "name": "Wavect", "potentialAction": { "@type": "SearchAction", "query-input": "required name=search_term_string", "target": { "@type": "EntryPoint", "urlTemplate": "https://wavect.io/search/?q={search_term_string}" } }, "publisher": { "@id": "https://wavect.io/#organization", "@type": [ "Organization", "ProfessionalService", "LocalBusiness" ] }, "url": "https://wavect.io/" } ] } ``` ```json { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@graph": [ { "@id": "https://wavect.io/zh/glossary/ci-cd/#term", "@type": "DefinedTerm", "alternateName": [], "description": "每一次代码变更都自动构建、测试、准备发布。一些团队再进一步，每一次通过的构建都自动上生产。", "inDefinedTermSet": "https://wavect.io/zh/glossary/#termset", "name": "CI/CD", "termCode": "ci-cd", "url": "https://wavect.io/zh/glossary/ci-cd/" }, { "@id": "https://wavect.io/zh/glossary/ci-cd/#webpage", "@type": "WebPage", "about": { "@id": "https://wavect.io/#organization", "@type": [ "Organization", "ProfessionalService", "LocalBusiness" ] }, "author": { "@id": "https://wavect.io/team/kevin-riedl/#person", "@type": "Person", "name": "Kevin Riedl", "url": "https://wavect.io/team/kevin-riedl/" }, "dateModified": "2026-05-24", "description": "每一次代码变更都自动构建、测试、准备发布。一些团队再进一步，每一次通过的构建都自动上生产。", "headline": "CI/CD", "inLanguage": "zh", "isPartOf": { "@id": "https://wavect.io/#website", "@type": "WebSite" }, "lastReviewed": "2026-05-24", "mainEntity": { "@id": "https://wavect.io/zh/glossary/ci-cd/#term" }, "mentions": [ { "@id": "https://wavect.io/#organization", "@type": [ "Organization", "ProfessionalService", "LocalBusiness" ] } ], "name": "CI/CD", "reviewedBy": { "@id": "https://wavect.io/team/christof-jori/#person", "@type": "Person", "name": "Christof Jori", "url": "https://wavect.io/team/christof-jori/" }, "speakable": { "@type": "SpeakableSpecification", "cssSelector": [ ".gls-single__h1", ".gls-single__tldr" ] }, "url": "https://wavect.io/zh/glossary/ci-cd/" }, { "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "item": "https://wavect.io/zh/", "name": "首页", "position": 1 }, { "@type": "ListItem", "item": "https://wavect.io/zh/glossary/", "name": "技术、产品与合作模式术语表", "position": 2 }, { "@type": "ListItem", "item": "https://wavect.io/zh/glossary/ci-cd/", "name": "CI/CD", "position": 3 } ] } ] } ``` ```json { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "FAQPage", "mainEntity": [ { "@type": "Question", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "CI 是「每次提交都自动构建并测试」。CD（Continuous Delivery）是「每次通过的构建都自动准备成可发布形态，按按钮才上线」。Continuous Deployment 把那次按按钮也省掉，每个通过的构建自动上生产。多数团队 CI 做得好，CD 时好时坏，Continuous Deployment 几乎没人做。" }, "name": "CI / CD / Continuous Deployment 三者怎么分？" }, { "@type": "Question", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "因为 CD 需要一种大多数团队并不具备的、对测试套件的信任。没有好的覆盖率和快速回滚，自动化部署只是让 Bug 跑得更快。CI 主要是工具，CD 主要是纪律。" }, "name": "为什么大多数团队停在 CI？" }, { "@type": "Question", "acceptedAnswer": { "@type": "Answer", "text": "内循环（构建、单测、Lint）控制在 10 分钟以内，含集成测试控制在 30 分钟以内。比这更慢，工程师就不在本地跑它、开始靠希望合并了。流水线速度是一项杠杆指标：值得在它上面投入。" }, "name": "一条 CI 流水线应该跑多快？" } ], "speakable": { "@type": "SpeakableSpecification", "cssSelector": [ ".faq-question", ".faq-answer" ] } } ```