LoRaWAN
A low-power, long-range wireless protocol for connecting battery-operated sensors to the internet, used in smart-city and agricultural IoT deployments.
LoRaWAN is the networking layer that makes large-scale IoT economical. Devices run on coin-cell batteries for years, transmit small payloads (a few hundred bytes), and reach gateways kilometers away. The trade-offs: low bandwidth, infrequent updates, and a non-trivial deployment phase to get gateway coverage right.
The applications we have shipped include smart-city sensor networks (parking, environment, waste), agricultural monitoring, and industrial telemetry. The pattern is the same in all of them: cheap, dumb sensors at the edge; gateways aggregating to a network server; the network server forwarding to your application backend.
LoRaWAN is the right tool when you need many sensors over a wide area with multi-year battery life. It is the wrong tool when you need high bandwidth, low latency, or per-device cellular plans (5G NB-IoT is usually a better fit for the latter two).