What is Layer 2 (L2)?
Layer 2 (L2)
An execution layer that relies on a base blockchain for part of its security; fees, proof systems, upgrade controls and withdrawal paths vary by deployment.
A Layer 2 processes transactions outside a base blockchain while relying on it for part of its security. Ethereum rollups publish commitments and the data needed to reconstruct their state to Ethereum. This can reduce fees, but it does not make every L2 operationally equivalent to Ethereum mainnet. Review the deployed proof system, data availability, upgrade authority, sequencer and exit path.
Optimistic rollups use a dispute process for state claims. Canonical withdrawals commonly wait through a challenge period, often around a week. A fast bridge can front liquidity sooner but adds its own fees, liquidity constraints and risks. Do not confuse a quick sequencer confirmation with settlement on L1.
ZK rollups use validity proofs checked on L1. They avoid the optimistic challenge period, but users still depend on proof production, submission and L1 settlement. Neither instant withdrawal nor a universal cost advantage follows from the ZK label. Choose using the actual workload, deployed safeguards and recovery paths rather than declaring one design the permanent default.
Wavect has shipped on Boba Network, including its hybrid-compute model. That experience does not establish identical guarantees for other chains. For a new blockchain build, test deposits, withdrawals, sequencer outages, provider failure and upgrade controls on the intended deployment. Measure the complete user journey and its costs.